Main Article Content
Abstract
This article analyzes social resistance to LGBT intersubjectivity within the sociocultural context of Jambi, Indonesia, by examining divergent epistemological constructions of truth. Using a qualitative field-based research design, the study was conducted in Jambi City and involved in-depth interviews with religious leaders, traditional leaders, and health professionals as key social actors. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, and interpreted using an epistemological framework. The findings reveal two main insights. First, LGBT individuals articulate their identities and lived experiences through an intersubjective understanding of truth, grounded in shared meanings and collective experiences. Second, this intersubjective framework encounters social resistance manifested through three dominant sociocultural perspectives: religious perspectives grounded in subjective truth, medical perspectives emphasizing objective truth, and customary perspectives that also operate within an intersubjective understanding of truth. These differing epistemological positions shape how the Jambi community interprets and responds to LGBT presence. This study contributes to LGBT studies and sociocultural theory by demonstrating how competing constructions of truth underpin social resistance in local contexts. It highlights the importance of epistemological awareness in understanding social tensions surrounding sexual and gender diversity in culturally plural societies.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Abboud, S., Chaudhry, A. B., Taweh, O., & Pachankis, J. E. (2024). “There’s a lot of conflict between your queer identity and also your Muslim or Arab identity;†A qualitative exploration of the intersectional minority stressors of U.S.-born Arab sexual minority cisgender men. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 5, 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100393
- Aftab, A., & Imanpour, S. (2022). Quasi experimental study of same-sex marriage laws & sexually transmitted infections. Public Health in Practice, 4, 100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100330
- Agovino, M., Cerciello, M., & D’Isanto, F. (2021). Religious participation and attitude towards LGBT+ communities. The case of Italy. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 78, 101071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101071
- Antony, & Saputra. (2022, December 27). [Personal communication].
- Aswita. (2023, January 2). [Personal communication].
- Bagus, L. (2002). Kamus Filsafat. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Barrientos, J., Guzmán-González, M., Urzúa, A., & Ulloa, F. (2021). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on LGBT people in Chile. Sexologies, 30(1), e35–e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.006
- Brahma, S., Gavriilidis, K., Kallinterakis, V., Verousis, T., & Zhang, M. (2023). LGBTQ and finance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 86, 102547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102547
- Carpenter, C. S., & Sansone, D. (2021). Cigarette taxes and smoking among sexual minority adults. Journal of Health Economics, 79, 102492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102492
- Carter, S., Packard, G., Coghlan, C., George, J. R., Brown, A. J., Ching, T. H. W., Julian, J., & Maples-Keller, J. L. (2023). Perceptions of psychedelic-assisted therapy among Black Americans. Journal of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 4, 100023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100023
- Cayreyre, L., Korchia, T., Loundou, A., Jego, M., Théry, D., Berbis, J., Gentile, G., Auquier, P., & Khouani, J. (2024). Lifetime sexual violence experienced by women asylum seekers and refugees hosted in high-income countries: Literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 101, 102622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102622
- Chan, R. C. H. (2023). Benefits and risks of LGBT social media use for sexual and gender minority individuals: An investigation of psychosocial mechanisms of LGBT social media use and well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 139, 107531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107531
- Chan, R. C. H., & Mak, W. W. S. (2021). Resistance as a form of resilience in sexual and gender minorities: Differential moderating roles of collective action on the discrimination–depression relationship among sexual minority men and women. Social Science & Medicine, 280, 114056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114056
- Chandler, D., & Munday, R. (2011). Intersubjectivity. In A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758-e-1420
- Christou, M., Gairal-Casadó, R., Carbonell, S., & Vidu, A. (2024). Prevention of violence against LGBTIQ+ youth: A systematic review of successful strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 124, 102320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102320
- Connolly, D. J. (2024). Transgender and non-binary people’s experiences with alcohol reduction in the UK: A cross-sectional study.
- Crenitte, M. R. F., De Melo, L. R., Jacob-Filho, W., & Avelino-Silva, T. J. (2023). Transforming the invisible into the visible: Disparities in the access to health in LGBT+ older people. Clinics, 78, 100149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100149
- Darvill, T. (2009). Objectivity. In The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaelogy. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001/acref-9780199534043-e-2812
- Davidson, D. (2001). Subjective, intersubjective, objective. Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press.
- Demant, D., Carroll, J.-A., Saliba, B., & Bourne, A. (2022). Information-seeking behaviours in Australian sexual minority men engaged in chemsex. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100399
- Ferrero, E. M., Yunker, A. G., Cuffe, S., Gautam, S., Mendoza, K., Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Mattei, J. (2023). Nutrition and Health in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning Community: A Narrative Review. Advances in Nutrition, 14(6), 1297–1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.009
- Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2023). Minority stress theory: Application, critique, and continued relevance. Current Opinion in Psychology, 51, 101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101579
- Ganz, O., Schulz, J. A., Ehlke, S. J., King Jensen, J. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2024). Cigarette smoking behaviors and nicotine dependence at the intersection of sexual identity and sex in the United States: Findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Preventive Medicine Reports, 38, 102593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102593
- Gillespie, A., & Cornish, F. (2010). Intersubjectivity: Towards a Dialogical Analysis. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 40(1), 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00419.x
- Glossary of Terms. (2023, Mei). Human Right Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-terms
- Halim, A. (2022, December 29). [Personal communication].
- Hill, G., & Bulley, C. (2023). Help me to come out gracefully! Working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual, people affected by cancer to develop a national practitioner guide supporting inclusive care. Radiography, 29, S81–S86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2023.01.025
- Jarvis, N., Weeden, C., Ladkin, A., & Taylor, T. (2022). Intergroup contact between front-line cruise staff and LGBT passengers. Tourism Management Perspectives, 42, 100960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100960
- Ko, J., Carlos, J., & Nguyen, Y. (2024). Exploring LGBTQ+ cultural competency and DEI in continuing education: A cross-sectional review of U.S. pharmacy legislation. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, S1544319124000219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.01.014
- Lee, S. R., Kim, M.-A., Choi, M. N., Park, S., Cho, J., Lee, C., & Lee, E. S. (2021). Attitudes Toward Transgender People Among Medical Students in South Korea. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100278–100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.10.006
- LGBT tak Lagi Persoalan Individu Tapi Semakin Terorganisasi. (2020, October 27). Republika Online. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/qiuobu282/lgbt-tak-lagi-persoalan-individu-tapi-semakin-terorganisasi
- Marzetti, H., McDaid, L., & O’Connor, R. (2022). “Am I really alive?â€: Understanding the role of homophobia, biphobia and transphobia in young LGBT+ people’s suicidal distress. Social Science & Medicine, 298, 114860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114860
- Masiyan. (2023, January 2). [Personal communication].
- McDowell, J. (2003). Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 67(3), 675–681.
- Menelisik Perjalanan LGBT di Indonesia. (2016, January 28). Republika Online. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/o1n41d336/menelisik-perjalanan-lgbt-di-indonesia
- Nedeljko, M., & KauÄiÄ, B. M. (2023). Creating a safe and inclusive living environment for LGBTQ+ older adults: A review of research, policy and literature. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 56(2), 9966–9971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.698
- Norgaard, B. (2021, April 25). The Four Modes of Understanding. The Enlightened Worldview Project. https://enlightenedworldview.com/the-four-modes-of-understanding/
- Poon, J. P. H., & Cheong, P. (2009). Objectivity, Subjectivity, and Intersubjectivity in Economic Geography: Evidence from the Internet and Blogosphere. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99(3), 590–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045600902967243
- Preuss, S., & Max, M. M. (2023). Do firms put their money where their mouth is? Sociopolitical claims and corporate political activity. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 101510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2023.101510
- Scott, J., & Marshall, G. (2015). Subjectivity. In A Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199533008.001.0001/acref-9780199533008-e-2287
- Shanaev, S., Skorochodova, A., & Vasenin, M. (2023). LGBT CEOs and stock returns: Diagnosing rainbow ceilings and cliffs. Research in International Business and Finance, 66, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102063
- Sherman, A. D. F., Cimino, A. N., Clark, K. D., Smith, K., Klepper, M., & Bower, K. M. (2021). LGBTQ+ health education for nurses: An innovative approach to improving nursing curricula. Nurse Education Today, 97, 104698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104698
- Sherman, A. D. F., McDowell, A., Clark, K. D., Balthazar, M., Klepper, M., & Bower, K. (2021). Transgender and gender diverse health education for future nurses: Students’ knowledge and attitudes. Nurse Education Today, 97, 104690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104690
- Shijaku, E., & Elgoibar, P. (2023). A rainbow of colors: The value of embeddedness for understanding actor entrepreneurship in organizational LGBTQ+ communities. European Management Journal, 41(4), 648–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.12.003
- Suen, Y. T., Chan, R. C. H., & Wong, E. M. Y. (2020). Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Hong Kong. Psychiatry Research, 292, 113365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113365
- Ussher, J. M., Ryan, S., Power, R., & Perz, J. (2023). Almost invisible: A review of inclusion of LGBTQI people with cancer in online patient information resources. Patient Education and Counseling, 114, 107846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2023.107846
- Valcuende, J. M., Blanco-López, J., & Pichardo, J. I. (2023). Media, cruising, gay sex and tourist destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 101, 103598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103598
- Van Hout, M. C., Kaima, R., Mhango, V., & Mariniello, T. (2022). Moving beyond the politization of same-sex sexuality and leveraging right to health to counter inter-personal sexual violence and HIV in Malawi’s prisons. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 3, 100103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2022.100103
- Weng, D. H., Chuang, Y.-T., Zhang, C., & Church, R. (2023). CEO political liberalism, stakeholders, and firms’ support for LGBT employees. The Leadership Quarterly, 34(3), 101645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101645
- Whittier, D. K., & Melendez, R. M. (2004). Intersubjectivity in the intrapsychic sexual scripting of gay men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6(2), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050310001607250
- Zerubavel, E. (1997). Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Harvard University Press.