Main Article Content

Abstract

This study inquires the roles of muthmainnah personality and alexithymia in mediating the COVID-19 exposure to mental health problems in Indonesian university students quarantined at home during COVID-19.  A total of 276 students completed the following scales: Islamic Personality Scale, Toronto Alexithymia-20 Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Then, an examination on some possible relationships of obtained data was performed by structural equation modeling and mediation analysis. This study revealed that students with muthmainnah personality had lower levels of depression. Furthermore, the muthmainnah personality could mediate COVID-19 exposure to depression experienced by the students. In addition, this study revealed that students with probable depression had more severe alexithymia, such as difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking. The alexithymia could mediate COVID-19 exposure to depression. These results implied that religious aspects could be utilized as strategies to determine and overcome the students' emotions and could significantly avoid or moderate mental health problems in the case of depression associated with COVID-19.

Keywords

alexithymia depression mmuthmainnah personality university students

Article Details

How to Cite
Nugraha, D. Y., Nashori, F., & Muwaga, M. (2024). Roles of muthmainnah personality and alexithymia in dealing with mental health problems among university students. INSPIRA: Indonesian Journal of Psychological Research, 5(1), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.32505/inspira.v5i1.8496

References

  1. Aghababaei, N., Mohammadtabar, S., & Saffarinia, M. (2014). Dirty dozen vs. the H factor: Comparison of the dark triad and Honesty–Humility in prosociality, religiosity, and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 6–10. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.026
  2. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1
  3. Basri, N. A., Hong, G. C., Oon, N. L., & Kumagai, S. (2015). Islamic religiosity, depression and anxiety among Muslim cancer patients. IAFOR Journal of Psychology & The Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.1.1.04
  4. Bibi, A., Blackwell, S. E., & Margraf, J. (2021). Mental health, suicidal ideation, and experience of bullying among university students in Pakistan. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(8), 1185–1196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319869819
  5. Conrad, R., Wegener, I., Imbierowicz, K., Liedtke, R., & Geiser, F. (2009). Alexithymia, temperament and character as predictors of psychopathology in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Research, 165(1-2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.013
  6. Craparo, G., Gori, A., Mazzola, E., Petruccelli, I., Pellerone, M., & Rotondo, G. (2014). Posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, and alexithymia in an Italian sample of flood victims. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 2281–2284. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FNDT.S74317
  7. Culhane, S. E., & Watson, P. J. (2003). Alexithymia, irrational beliefs, and the rational-emotive explanation of emotional disturbance. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21(1), 57-72. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/A:1024133218634
  8. Evans, A. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2009). The psychology (and economics) of trust. Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass, 3(6), 1003–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00232.x
  9. Farmawati, C., & Hidayati, N. (2019). Penyusunan dan pengembangan alat ukur Islamic Personality Scale (IPS). Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya, 2(1), 19-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v2i1.4318
  10. Giordano, G. N., & Lindström, M. (2016). Trust and health: Testing the reverse causality hypothesis. J Epidemiol Community Health, 70(1), 10-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205822
  11. Gohm, C. L., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Four latent traits of emotional experience and their involvement in well-being, coping, and attributional style. Cognition & Emotion, 16(4), 495-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000374
  12. Grynberg, D., Luminet, O., Corneille, O., Grèzes, J., & Berthoz, S. (2010). Alexithymia in the interpersonal domain: A general deficit of empathy? Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 845-850. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.013
  13. Han, S. (2019). Social capital and perceived stress: The role of social context. Journal of Affective Disorders, 250, 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.034
  14. Hasanah, M. (2015). Dinamika kepribadian menurut psikologi islami. Jurnal Ummul Qura, 6(2), 110-124.
  15. Hilbig, B. E., Zettler, I., Leist, F., & Heydasch, T. (2013). It takes two: Honesty–humility and agreeableness differentially predict active versus reactive cooperation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.008
  16. Karukivi, M., Hautala, L., Kaleva, O., Haapasalo-Pesu, K. M., Liuksila, P. R., Joukamaa, M., & Saarijärvi, S. (2010). Alexithymia is associated with anxiety among adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 125(1-3), 383-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.126
  17. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  18. Leising, D., Grande, T., & Faber, R. (2009). The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): A measure of general psychological distress. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(4), 707–710. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.03.009
  19. Leweke, F., Leichsenring, F., Kruse, J., & Hermes, S. (2012). Is alexithymia associated with specific mental disorders? Psychopathology, 45(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325170
  20. Luca, M., Luca, A., & Calandra, C. (2013). Psychomotor retardation and externally oriented thinking in major depression. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 759-766. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s44650
  21. Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2012). Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(3), E191-E196. https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.110829
  22. Mujib, A. (2017). Kepribadian Dalam Psikologi Islam. Raja Grafindo.
  23. Nugraha, D. Y., Wibowo, H., Fadli., & Anindita, R. Y. (2021). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its relationship to depressive symptoms one month after covid-19 infection in a sample of Indonesian society quarantined at home. Ilkogretim Online, 20(4), 512-528. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.04.56
  24. Parker, J. D., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (1998). Alexithymia: Relationship with ego defense and coping styles. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90084-0
  25. Shaheen, F., Jahan, M., & Shaheen, S. (2014). Role of personality factors in experiencing psychological distress among adolescents. Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 3(1), 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v13i1.391
  26. Stice, E., Ragan, J., & Randall, P. (2004). Prospective relations between social support and depression: differential direction of effects for parent and peer support? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.113.1.155
  27. Tang, W., Hu, T., Yang, L., & Xu, J. (2020). The role of alexithymia in the mental health problems of home-quarantined university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Personality and Individual Differences, 165, 110131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110131
  28. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/CBO9780511526831
  29. Wells, R., Rehman, U. S., & Sutherland, S. (2016). Alexithymia and social support in romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 371–376. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.029
  30. Zhou, X., & Wu, X. (2019). Temporal transitions in patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents following the Wenchuan earthquake. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 50(3) 494–504. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10578-018-0859-8