Summarizing Technique Applied by Students at The Second Grade of SMAN 3 Langsa

This aim of research was to find out kinds of summarizing technique that used by students at the second grade of SMAN 3 Langsa. Summarizing technique involves stating a work paragraph and main idea, simply, briefly, and accurately. The method of this study used qualitative method with descriptive design. The subject of study was 15 students of XI IPA 7. The data were collected by using observation, interview, and documentation. Based on the result of research, the researcher found that summarizing technique that used by the students at the second grade XI IPA 7 SMAN 3 Langsa were Precise summarizing technique. Precise summarizing technique is to read the contents of the text as a whole then to make conclusions from the text they read by using their own language as a whole. They summarize the ideas and thoughts they have compared to using the language in the text. In addition, students were also enthusiastic in reading English text because it developed their vocabulary mastery, explained their knowledge, and trained their creative thinking skill.


INTRODUCTION
Education is one of essential human virtue that cannot be separate from human being. It becomes a sign of freedom and a basis of a good life. Education is a must. Ajay (2016: 24). Based on Dictionari.com the definition of education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the power of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or other intellectually for mature life.
English is still considered as foreign language in Indonesia. It still teaches in school by teachers. Like every other language, English have speaking, writing, reading and listening skill that have to be master as a language learner. In teaching learning process, a teacher who deliver the lesson in front of the students should be able to choose the suitable teaching technique, because teaching technique has big influence in the result of English language learner. An effective teaching and learning process will not be successful if the teacher is not able to apply an appropriate technique in presenting the subject in the classroom.
Based on the meaning above, the teacher should realize about student's condition, the teacher should understand about the students' need. Teacher should know and ask students whether they understand or not about material that teacher give. One of the techniques to know students understand in learning English is summarizing technique, because summarizing technique is able to facilitate students in improving their comprehension and focus for meaning.
Summarizing is one of the techniques that can improve students' English skill especially in writing and reading. Day and Jones cited in Moghaddam (2004: 67) declared that summarization involve additional and deliberate processing strategies than what are required in comprehension. Palmer (2007: 210) stated that summarizing is based on learning process, and the perfect comprehension of a text will be a necessary step in order to teach students to condense information in a new piece of discourse. Summarizing considered to be better at improving students' reading skill, but the application of this technique rarely performed at secondary school level. The use of summarizing technique in high school is not strictly emphasized. Making student good at summary seems difficult in many reasons. When students were asked to read and summarize a text, they usually struggle to write by themselves without the knowledge in summarizing technique (2006: 66).
Usually student will just reduce the text without looking at the main point. In worse case they even remove the important parts of the text.
In fact, many students that they do not really pay attention and know how to summarize or draw conclusions from what they read, most JADEs: Journal of Academia in English Education of the students are often confused when asked to summarize about the topics they read or write about. because students are too focused on the sentence they read, but they do not understand the meaning of the text.
Based on the pre-observation at SMAN 3 Langsa the researcher this school is a well-known high school for their A-accreditation. Then, the school seem to have a good example how the student and teacher conducting summarizing. Furthermore, in this case the researcher conducted a research as follow:"The Kinds of Summarizing Technique Then, summarizing technique is an effective technique which make students more improving in understanding about text they read, and they know meaning of text with clearly.

The Kinds of Summarizing technique
There were several kinds of summarizing technique it can be described as follow: Jones (2001: 16)

Informal Outline
This technique is more of a format for notes. The informal outline identifies headings and key points with indentation, rather than a numbering or lettering system. This is a quick way to write down and organize information and is often used in conjunction with other note taking technique.

Webbing
Most teachers and students are familiar with webbing, but often kids are uncertain of the "rules" of webbing. Basically, there are no around the key ideas that helps students focus on key information without getting lost on the page.

Combination Notes
This format is a good one as it combines standard note taking with visual representations, like webbing. This method should be modeled for kids, so that they can get the process down. Also, teachers should note that with this strategy, it is important to give kids time to reflect and to draw their visual representations. Another benefit of this method is the reflective process that students go through in summarizing the ideas.

Highlighting
This is a way of having a pick out information. Highlighting is a skill that should be though. This note taking strategy works especially well with produced handouts and good step in summarizing.

Skeleton Notes
Provides a framework for students in key information. Skeleton notes are helpful students of writing in key information and also help students organize ideas in a logical order.

Two-Column Notes
Two-column notes link a study strategy with the way in which information is organized and recorded. On the left-hand side of the page, students write down major topics or headings.
Furthermore, there are three kinds of summarizing technique mentioned by Nurhadi, there is follows: Nurhadi (2007 : 89) 1. abstract: is a kind of concise and concise summary in other words also known as essay essences 2. Précis : this type of Precis is looking for the overall content of the writing using your own words from the beginning of the paragraph to the end of the paragraph or it is also called cutting or trimming the contents of the summary.
3. overview: summarize by following the original arrangement of the composition or summarize using one's own order without following the original order.
Based on the kinds of summarizing technique above, the researcher wants to identification about summarizing technique that applied by students and also describe the students' reason toward apply this technique.

Principle of Summarizing Technique
There are some theories related to summarizing technique, such as: Human brain, theory of writing and learning technique. Human brain consists of the right brain and the left brain. The right brain of the brain focuses on the visual, and processes information in an intuitive and simultaneous way, looking first at the whole picture then details. The left brain focusses on the verbal and analytical. (2020: 23) Writing is visual as well as verbal, design elements are key to the success of many documents. because it contains some steps that support the students to be more active in comprehending the text better than another technique.

Design of Summarizing Technique
The design of summarizing technique is learning objective, learning activities, roles of students, role of teacher, and arranging material. The role of students in learning writing. According to walker, students were observed under baseline, summary strategy, and follow-up conditions (independent reading condition only). Walker (2007: 10) All training occurred in a group setting, and maintenance and generalization were assessed in an individual setting. Student then worked independent on a related reading and writing assignment. It is important note that, following the guidelines provided.
The role of the teacher in writing learning is as the centre to guide the students to comprehend the text by using summarizing technique guidance. An importan role of the teacher is as a facilitator of learning process. Harmer (2007: 51)  i. Read your summary one last time before you turn it in. Look for careless spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors, especially omitted words or letters. Cross out errors neatly with a single line and write the correction above.

Summarizing Technique and Writing Achievement
Summarizing is a skill that enhances students' writing and comprehension because it requires reprocessing information in a written text or heard in a listening task and requires expressing that information in their own words to reconstruct the meaning in a condensed form, Nia, The substance of writing the ideas expressed. Writing must convey the main idea, or an attentive reader should be able to grapes the writer purpose.

b. Form
The organization of the content is writing should logical or associative connection and transition which early express the relationship of the idea described.

c. Grammar
The employment of grammatical form and syntactic pattern.
Writing should adhere to the rules of grammar related to the tenses with sequence of time Style The choice of structure of lexical items to give a particular tone or flavor to the writing. Writing should engage its reader through original insight and precise.

d. Mechanic
The use of graphic convention of language is writing must use a good spelling punctuation, and tidy and clean writing.

METHODS
In this study the researcher used descriptive study with qualitative approach. Qualitative research was used by the researcher to conduct this study because the researcher seeks to understand a phenomenon, a process, or a particular point of view from the perspective of those identifying a rich description of the people, objects, events, places, conversations and so on.

Result of Students Interview
To know kinds of summarizing technique used by the students at the second grade of IPA 7 The researcher used depth interview with students. Almost all students said they like English lessons. Then, some of them said they did not like it. However, the researcher found more answers to students who like English lessons. Some of them expressed their opinion about the difficulties in learning English. Many students said that English is a difficult subject.
a. Students opinion about technique summarizing Some students said that although it was difficult, but the English lessons were interesting like. A student said: "In my opinion, English lessons are difficult. Because we must have a lot of understanding vocabulary to be able to understand the language well. However, if we had a large vocabulary it will look very good and it will not be difficult to understand the language.
Other students said:

"English is difficult for me, but I like to learn it because English is a world language that is good for us to learn
The statement means that according to the English students it is a difficult subject, but they are interested in learning the lesson.

b. How students comprehend an English text
There were who expressed disinterest in English because itwas difficult for them to understand. One of students said that: "Right, I think English is one of the most difficult lessons, especially talking about grammar. It made me very confused and even now I found it very difficult to understand parts of grammar.
Furthermore, when researcher asked about reading English texts, they were all interested in reading English texts. According to them, reading frequently will increase students' knowledge and information in understanding all the reading they read. As one student put it "I really enjoy reading English texts. I think reading is a very fun thing even though in reading English texts I have difficulty understanding vocabulary that I do not understand. However, the more I read it will make it easier for me to remember the vocabulary and I would be often look for words that I do not understand. So, reading English text is not only fun but also a challenge for me personality.
Other students said that: "I really like reading English texts, in addition to making me more think about the words written in the text, my curiosity will also arise about words that I do not know. so, I think reading English text is very fun." Moreover, to understand the content of the text as a whole, students prepared to read the text from beginning to end. That way, it would be easier for them to understand the text as a whole.

Result of Teachers interview
The researcher used interview to know summarizing technique that applied by the second grade students XI IPA 7 . Only after that I associate with the next learning. The teacher explained that he did not immediately start the material rather than repeated or reviewed previous learning to see students understanding before continuing the next material. Then, the interaction in teaching and learning process were the following explanation: "For interaction in the learning process, there science very far differences, for example, for teaching Sains study (IPA) the students were enthusiastic in class, active and they also the learning process took place well. However, for social studies (IPS), I had to be more patient in building interactions with students because these differences were a common thing. So I can made sure the interaction in class XI IPA 7 was very good in the learning process.
Based on the statement from the English teacher that the learning process in each class was different and also the interactions that were built up in each class were also in accordance with the grade level being taught, and according to Mr. Ilham to teach science class was easier to build good and communicative interactions.

b. Technique taught in teaching summarizing
Summarizing is something that is familiar in the process of learning English. In this study, researcher obtained answers from the teacher related to summarizing English texts. The teacher stated: "I never apply specific technique in teaching summarize. However, I asked students to review the text they read. For example, the students read about a reading and then I asked them to review and write again with their understanding and draw conclusions from the text they have read.
Therefore, to summarize a reading text, one must understand the theme that is being read to make it easier to summarize t. Then, the usual themes used by teachers are narrative and others. The teacher said: "Usually it is simple, such as pre-writing, writing narrative themes and others that were familiar to students and they also understand the theme".
Moreover, the results of the interview explained that the teacher did not use the types of technique summarization that were applied to students. But the teacher is more about discussing the material texts they are learning.
Teacher said: "I don't used the types of summarizes that I assign students. but I prefer to explain about the text that is being studied where we know that in English there were various kinds of texts and I explained about these terms, the writing procedure, generic structures and so on. Besides, I also provide a clear explanation of the English text."

DISCUSSION
The result of research focused on kind of summarizing technique that used by students at SMAN 3 Langsa. Summarizing technique is one of writing techniques that can influence students' in writing a text because it contains some steps that support the students to comprehend the text. Based on Nurhadi's theory there were some kind of Summarizing technique; (1) abstract: is a kind of concise and concise summary in other words also known as essay essence.
(2) Précise : this type of Precise is looking for the overall content of the writing using your own words from the beginning of the paragraph to the end of the paragraph or it is also called cutting or trimming the contents of the summary.
(3) overview: summarize by following the original JADEs: Journal of Academia in English Education Nuraini | Summarizing Technique Applied.. |54 arrangement of the composition or summarize using one's own order without following the original order.
Based on the theory, the researcher found that students at the second grade IPA 7 SMAN 3 Langsa used Precise summarizing technique in summarizing a text. Précis is a types summary, namely changing the overall content of a text which is then converted into their language. In addition, students found it easier to summarize through the ideas and thoughts they have compared to using the language in the text. In addition, students also enthusiastic in reading English text activities because it developed their vocabulary mastery, expanded their knowledge, and improved students' creative thinking.

CONCLUSION
The researcher concluded that the kind of summarizing technique that used by students at the second grade of SMAN 3 Langsa was Precis summarizing technique. Précis is a types summary, namely changing the overall content of a text which is then converted into their language.
Students found it easier to summarize by using their own words. In addition, students also enthusiastic in English text activities.