Main Article Content
Abstract
In English language teaching, teaching reading plays an important role, for reading is one of language skills. In order to succeed doing this activity, a teacher must be familiar and able to employ various teaching reading
strategies that can assist his/her students comprehend what they read. To check students’ reading comprehension, a teacher may propose several questions related to the texts being read. However, if the students have difficulties dealing with these reading comprehension questions, a teacher must be able to help them by introducing reading strategies to overcome the problems. QAR is one of reading strategies which is beneficial for a teacher to check students’ reading comprehension and frame reading question-answer activity in reading phases: pre-, while-, and post-reading; as well as to help students locate answers for the questions.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Aebersold, Jo Ann & Field, Mary Lee. (1997). from Reader to Reading Teacher: Issues and Strategies for Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ajideh, Parviz. (2003). Schema Theory-Based Pre-Reading Tasks: A Neglected Essential in the ESL Reading-Class.
- The Reading Matrix, 3(1). http://www.readingmatrix.com/articles/ ajideh/article.pdf
- Brown, H. Dauglas. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.United States of America: Longman.
- (2001).Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. United States of America: Longman.
- Burn & Roe & Ross. (1984). Teaching Reading in Today’s Elementary School. USA:Houghton Mifflin Company. Conner, Jennifer. Instructional Reading Strategy: QAR (Question/Answer Relationship). http://www.Indianna.edu/~l517/QAR.htm.
- Deboer, John J. &Dallman, Martha. (1966). The Teaching of Reading. USA: Holt, Reinehart and Winston, Inc.
- Duke, Nell K. & Pearson, P. David. (2001). Effective Practices for Developing Reading Comprehension. Professional article. www.nationalgeographic.dom
- Elliott, Stephen N. (1999). Educational Psychology: Effective Teaching, Effective Learning, Second Edition International Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
- G.E.Simanjuntak. (1988). Developing Reading Skills for EFL Students. Jakarta: Depdikbud, Dirjend, Dikti, P2 LPTK.
- Grabe, William &Fredricka L. Stoller. (2001). Reading for Academic Purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL Teacher. United States of America: Heinle&Heinle, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
- Harmer, Jeremy. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching Completely Revised and Updated (3.ed.). Essex: Longman.
- Harris, A. J. &Sipay, E.T. (1980). How to Increase Reading Ability.New York. USA: Longman Inc.
- Harris, Robert. (2010). Some Ideas for Motivating Students. from http://www. virtualsalt.com
- Heilman, Arthur W. (1964). Principle and Practice of Teaching Reading. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merill Books, Inc. Helping Students Become Motivated Learners. From http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Motivating_Students.htm
- Irwin, Joan. Reseach Base for Critical Reading: Differential Instruction Across Genres. From http://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/ngextreme explorer/pdf/effective practices.pdf.
- Nunan, David. (1992). Cooperative Language Learning and Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. New York: Mc. GrawHill.
- Nuttal, Christine. (1996). Teaching Reading Skill in a Foreign Language. Heinemann: Heinemann English Language Teaching.
- Peng et al. (2007). Impact of Question-Answer-Relationships on Reading Comprehension. A Paper. Singapore: Pei Chun Public School and Marymount Convent. Minister of Education. Retrieved from www3.moe-edu.sg/edumall/rd/alar/ar peichun/ar peichun qar.pdf.
- QAR. From http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6- 12/Tools/Qar.pdf
- Raphael, Taffy E. (1982) Question-answering Strategies for Children. The Reading Teacher. 187-190.
- (1986). Teaching Question Answer Relationship, Revisited. The Reading Teacher, 39(6), 516-522.
- Raphael, Taffy E. & Au, Kathryn. “ QAR: Enhancing Comprehension & Test Taking Across Grades and Content Area.” The Reading Teacher 59, 3, (2005).
- Raphael, Taffy E. & Pearson, P. David. “Increasing Students’ Awareness of Sources of Information for Answering Questions.” American Educational Research Journal 22, 2 (1985): 217-235.
- Readence.J.E. (2006). Question-Answer Relationship. Las Vegas: University of Nevada. Reading for A Purpose. From www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/.../k.../srft_24_25.pdf
- Reading Strategies: Scaffolding Students’ Interaction with Text, Questions- Answer Relationship. from http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/Reading/Reading%20 strategies/QAR.htm.
- Reading for the 21st Century: Adolescent Literacy Teaching and Learning Strategies. Alliance for Excellent Education Journal: Issue Brief. Retrieved January 2004. From http://www.all4ed.org/files/Reading_21stCentury.pdf
- Ricards, Jack C. (1996). Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Ricards, Jack C. & S Roger, Theodore. (2001). Approaches and Method in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
- Silberstein, Sandra. (1994). Techniques and Resources in Teaching Reading. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Snow, Cahterine. (2002). Reading for Understanding: Toward an R&D Program in Reading Comprehension.
- Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Stahl, Katherine A. Daugherty. (2004). Proof, Practice, and Promise: Comprehension Strategy Instruction in The Primary Grades. The Reading Teacher, 57(7).