Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of leverage and liquidity in financial distress, with profitability as a moderating variable in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia – BEI) during the 2021–2023 period. The research sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique, with criteria requiring companies to publish complete annual financial reports within this period. Based on these criteria, 68 companies were obtained as the research sample. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26 with the moderated regression analysis technique. The results indicate that leverage has a negative effect on financial distress, while liquidity has a positive effect on financial distress. However, profitability does not moderate the effect of leverage and liquidity on financial distress. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the property and real estate industry in designing strategies and making appropriate decisions to mitigate the risk of financial distress in companies.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Aditya Kusuma Wardhana, W. I. (2021). Analysis of Financial Distress with Profitability as Moderation Variable. Jurnal Akuntansi, 25(2), 222. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v25i2.807
- Amah, N., Sudrajat, M. A., Akuntansi, P. S., Madiun, K., & Timur, J. (2023). Peran Moderasi Profitabilitas pada Pengaruh Leverage , TATO , dan Likuiditas Terhadap Financial Distress. 11(2), 156–170.
- Amalia, G., & Nefi, A. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Saham Minoritas Akibat Forced Delisting Di Indonesia Dan Amerika Serikat. Jurnal Darma Agung, 6, 327–344. https://dx.doi.org.10.46930/ojsuda.v31i6.3808
- Ayuningtiyas, I. S. (2019). Pengaruh Likuiditas , Profitabilitas , Leverage dan Arus Kas. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 8(1), 1–17.
- Bernardin, D. E. Y., & Indriani, G. (2020). Financial Distress: Leverage, Likuiditas, Aktivitas Dan Ukuran Perusahan Dimoderasi Profitabilitas. Jurnal Financia, 1(1), 38–49. http://ejurnal.ars.ac.id/index.php/financia/article/view/294
- Dirman, A. (2020). Financial Distress: the Impacts of Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Firm Size, and Free Cash Flow. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 22(1), 17–25.
- Dwiantari, R. A., Gede, L., & Artini, S. (2021). The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on Financial Distress (Case Study of Property and Real Estate Companies on the IDX 2017-2019). American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 5(1), 367–373. www.ajhssr.com
- Dwiyani, T., & Purnomo. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusi, Likuiditas, Leverage Terhadap Financial Distress Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Proceeding Seminar Nasional & Call For Papers, 44–53.
- Evita & Mildawati. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Aktivitas, Likuiditas, Leverage dan Arus Kas Terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 8(4), 1–21. https://jurnal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/JUARA/article/view/558
- Ganut Muhharomi, Selamet Eko Budi Santoso, Suryo Budi Santoso, B. C. P. (2021). Pengaruh Kebijakan Hutang, Arus Kas Bebas, Likuiditas dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Ratio: Reviu Akuntansi Kontemporer Indonesia, 2(2), 111–124.
- Giannopoulos, G., & Sigbjørnsen, S. (2019). Prediction of Bankruptcy Using Financial Ratios in the Greek Market. Theoretical Economics Letters, 09(04), 1114–1128. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.94072
- Hapsari, I. (2018). The Effect of Competitive Advantage toward Financial Performance with Good Information Technology Govenance as Moderating Variable (An Empirical Studies on Commercial Banking Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange). Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, XVII(2), 1–9. http://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/kompartemen/
- Hayati, L. M., & Sholichah, M. (2022). Peran Profitabilitas Dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas, Leverage, Dan Sales Growth Dalam Memprediksi Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Property Dan Real Estate. Journal of Culture Accounting and Auditing, 1(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.30587/jcaa.v1i1.4224
- Indriyanto, E., & Izzati, H. N. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Financial Indicators Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan. AkunNas, 19(2), 72–83.
- Isayas, Y. N. (2021). Financial distress and its determinants: Evidence from insurance companies in Ethiopia. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1951110
- Isnaeni, W. A., Santoso, S. B., Rachmawati, E., & Santoso, S. E. B. (2021). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Struktur Modal terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Review of Applied Accounting Research (RAAR), 1(1), 1–11.
- Jannah, M., & Meini, Z. (2022). Pengaruh Stabilitas Keuangan, Target Keuangan, Tekanan Eksternal, dan Arogansi Terhadap Financial Statement Fraud. AkunNas, 19(2), 4.
- Komala, F., & Triyani, Y. (2020). Analisis Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Financial Distress Dengan Struktur Kepemilikan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(2), 176–205. https://doi.org/10.46806/ja.v8i2.619
- Kusufiyah, Y. V., & Anggraini, D. (2019). Peran Komisaris Independen, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kinerja Keuangan dan Leverage Terhadap Usaha Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 26, 1601. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v26.i02.p28
- Leonardo, & Soetardjo, M. N. (2024). Analisis Faktor Determinan terhadap Financial Distress dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi Leonardo & Mulyadi Noto Soetardjo. 4(2), 162–180.
- Maharani, P. R., & Pertiwi, T. K. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. At-Tadbir : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 6(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.31602/atd.v6i1.5873
- Manggala Poerba, R., Triana, L., & Desty Febrian, W. (2024). Pengaruh Likuiditas Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Pt Mulia Industrindo, Tbk Periode 2011-2022. Jurnal NERACA PERADABAN, 26(1), 26–31.
- Matturungan, N. H., Purwanto, B., & Irwanto, A. K. (2017). Manufacturing Company Bankruptcy Prediction in Indonesia With Altman Z-Score Model. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.18202/jam23026332.15.1.03
- Mesak, D. (2019). Financial Ratio Analysis in Predicting Financial Conditions Distress in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 86(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2019-02.18
- Mulyatiningsih, N., & Atiningsih, S. (2021). Peran Profitabilitas Dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, Leverage, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi (JUARA), 11(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.36733/juara.v11i1.2824
- Nike Aprilya Agatha, M. I. (2021). Pengaruh Likuiditas,Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas, Kebijakan Dividen dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Humanika, 11(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003553694-10
- Ningsih, R. A., & Asandimitra, N. (2023). Pengaruh rasio-rasio keuangan terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan sektor infrastruktur, utilitas, dan transportasi dengan profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 11(2), 306–322.
- Octavia, E., Abdu, M., & Ginting, A. F. (2021). The Effect Of Liquidity And Leverage On Financial Distress (Study On Idx Food And Beverage Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies For The 2015 - 2020 Period). Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(6), 643–651. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.06.80
- Oktasari, Dian Primanita. (2020). The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage and Firm Size of Financial Distress. East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin, 3(9), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.36349/easmb.2020.v03i09.002
- Pangestu, R. D., & Santoso, S. B. (2021). Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Financing To Deposit Ratio (Fdr), Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Profitabilitas. Review of Applied Accounting Research (RAAR), 1(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.30595/raar.v1i2.11865
- Prabowo, R., & Sutanto, A. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Modal, dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Sektor Otomotif di indonesia. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.33059/jseb.v10i1.1120
- Rahma, N. H., & Dillak, V. J. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan,Sales Growth Dan Intangible Asset TerhadapFinancial Distress. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 5(3), 378–395.
- Ria, Bambang Subiyanto, Arni Karina, N. P. T. (2022). Factors that Influence the Quality of Audit with Professional Ethics as a Moderating Variable ( Study at Public Accounting Firms in Bekasi ). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute Journal, 5(2615–1715), 11190–11197.
- Rodiah, S. R., & Kristanti, F. T. (2021). Analisis Gender Diversity, Corporate Governance Dan Leverage Dalam Memprediksikan Kondisi Financial Distress Pada Family Business. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 10(11), 1015. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2021.v10.i11.p08
- Saleem, R., Hussain, A., & Ibraheem, R. (2020). Banking Industry Specific Determinants of Financial Distress: Empirical Evidence from ASEAN Countries. IRASD Journal of Economics, 2(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2020.0202.0020
- Sayekti, L. M., & Santoso, S. B. (2020). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Debt To Equity Ratio, Debt To Asset Ratio dan Risk Based Capital Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Asuransi Umum Unit Usaha Syariah Tahun 2014-2018). Ratio : Reviu Akuntansi Kontemporer Indonesia, 1(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.30595/ratio.v1i1.7973
- Septiani, N. M. I., & Dana, I. M. (2019). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Property Dan Real Estate. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 8(5), 3110. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i05.p19
- Septiani, T. A., Siswantini, T., & Murtatik, S. (2021). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bei the Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on Financial Distress in the Consumption Industry Sector Listed on. Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi, 9(1), 100–111. www.idx.com
- Setyowati, W., & Sari Nanda, N. R. (2019). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Operating Capacity, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Financial Distress (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2016-2017). Jurnal Magisma, 4(2), 618–624.
- Siregar, I. G., Soenaryo, D., & Kirana, A. I. (2023). Analisis Financial Distress Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Balance Vocation Accounting Journal, 7(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.31000/bvaj.v7i1.7518
- Spence. (1973). I shall argue that the paradigm case of the market with this type of informational structure is the job market and will therefore focus upon it . By the end I hope it will be clear ( although space limitations will not permit an extended argument ) that a. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374.
- Sulastri, Arivetullatif, & Multama, I. (2023). The Impact Profitability, Leverage and Firm Size on Disclousure of Corporate Social Responsibility. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 5, 247–253. https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i1.197
- Suot, L. Y., & Koleangan, R. A. M. (2020). Analisis Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Pada Industri Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Palandeng… 501 Jurnal EMBA, 8(1), 501–510.
- Suryani. (2021). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Sales Growthdan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Financial Distress. Https://Ejournal-Binainsani.Ac.Id/, 1–16. https://ejournal-binainsani.ac.id/index.php/JOIA/article/view/1440/1233
- Susilo, B., & Ria. (2022). Trends of agency theory in accounting, financial and management research: Systematic literature review. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute Journal, 5(2), 14430–14436. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5310
- Totanan. (2022). Pengaruh Tanggung Jawab Lingkungan, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Leverage Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Accounting Profession Journal, 4(2), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.35593/apaji.v4i2.41
- Utami, Y. P. (2021). Pengaruh rasio keuangan, arus kas operasi, dan struktur kepemilikan terhadap kondisi financial distress. Sintaksis : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 1(1), 24–34.
- Wahyuningtyas, E. T., & Fatmawati, S. (2021). Dampak Rasio Keuangan Dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Financial Distress Melalui Analisa Springate, Zmijewski, Grover Dan Altman Z-Score. Accounting and Management Journal, 5(2), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.33086/amj.v5i2.2489
- Wijaya, J., & Suhendah, R. (2023). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Dan Arus Kas Terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Ekonomi, 28(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v28i2.1468
- Wilujeng, R., & Yulianto, A. (2020). Determinan Financial Distress dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Jurnal Penelitan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 5(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v5i1.2746
- Wulandari, S. (2019). Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian & Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Unjani Expo (UNEX) I. Journal Unjani, 1, 87=90.
- Yohanson, A. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Financial Distress Pada PT Sri Tugu Muda (Lampung). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JMB), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.57084/jmb.v1i1.304
- Zelie, E., & Wassie, F. A. (2019). Examining the Financial Distress Condition and Its Determinant Factors: A Study on Selected Insurance Companies in Ethiopia. World Journal of Education and Humanities, 1(1), p64. https://doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v1n1p64