Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perdata atas Penggunaan Citra Publik Figur dalam Foto Buatan AI

Authors

  • Desi Patul Hotima Universitas Putera Batam
  • Diki Zukriadi Universitas Putera Batam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32505/muamalat.v11i1.12860

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Image Rights, Public Figures

Abstract

This study aims to analyze civil liability arising from the use of public figures’ images in AI-generated photographs and to assess the adequacy of Indonesian civil law in providing legal protection for image rights. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and socio-legal approaches. Data were collected through a literature-based study of primary and secondary legal sources and analyzed qualitatively using deductive legal reasoning. The findings indicate that the unauthorized use of public figures’ images in AI-generated photographs may be classified as an unlawful act (onrechtmatige daad) under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Consequently, perpetrators may be held civilly liable for compensation and other remedial measures aimed at restoring the violated rights of the affected individuals.

References

Abidin, M. I. (2023). Legal Review of Liability from Deepfake Artificial Intelligence That Contains Pornography. Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 344–352. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v39i2.2965

Aulia, N. I., & Elmarianti, E. (2025). Hak atas Citra Diri dalam Perdagangan Foto Digital: Studi tentang Batas Perlindungan Hukum Perdata. Al-Mizan (e-Journal), 21(2), 309–332. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v21i2.7143

Furizal, Ma’arif, A., Maghfiroh, H., Suwarno, I., Prayogi, D., Kariyamin, Lonang, S., & Sharkawy, A.-N. (2025). Social, legal, and ethical implications of AI-Generated deepfake pornography on digital platforms: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101882

Latifatunnisa, R., & Yudha, M. W. (2025). Urgensi Pembaruan Regulasi dalam Menanggulangi Penyalahgunaan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence dan Deepfake di Indonesia: Perspektif Perlindungan Hak Privasi. Causa: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan, 11(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.3783/causa.v11i1.11617

Maharani, R., & M.t.v.m, S. M. (2025). Ganti Rugi Akibat Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence (Deepfake) pada Citra Orang Terkenal di Facebook Berdasarkan Pasal 1365 BW. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i4.1512

Maulia, S., & Wiraguna, S. A. (2025). Penyalahgunaan Foto Berbasis AI dan Tantangan Hukum Berdasarkan UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi. Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, 12(3), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.3783/causa.v12i3.12778

Mokodompit, H., Runtunuwu, Y. B., & Lolong, W. R. J. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban Perdata atas Kerugian Korban Arisan Bodong Berbasis Media Sosial Ditinjau dari Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik, 6(2), 1038–1048. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v6i2.6753

Novelli, C., Casolari, F., Hacker, P., Spedicato, G., & Floridi, L. (2024). Generative AI in EU Law: Liability, Privacy, Intellectual Property, and Cybersecurity. Computer Law & Security Review, 55, 106066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106066

Nurdiyanti, E. P., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2025). Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Telematika terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Cipta di Media Digital: Studi Kasus Streaming Ilegal. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 5(1), 11–11. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v5i1.2420

Putri, D. T. (2025). Regulating Digital Privacy in Indonesia: The Practice of Data Subject Rights and Controller Duties in the FotoYu App. Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum, 22(02), 230–262. https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art01

Sutarya, I. M., Prastiono, S., & Jamaludin, A. (2025). The Law’s Protection Against Children as Victims of Exploitation Artificial Intelligence-Based Cyberpornography. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(5), 3473–3487. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i5.1725

Tarigan, E. P., & Rumiartha, I. N. P. B. (2025). Kekosongan Hukum AI di Indonesia: Kasus Deepfake terhadap Sri Mulyani dan Perbandingan EU AI Act. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(11). https://doi.org/10.62281/6vdqep64

Tavadjio, S. N. (2025). Implikasi Legal dari Deepfake: Ganti Rugi Perdata atas Pemalsuan Wajah dan Suara. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(4), 4566–4577. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i4.1995

Trineni, T., & Nuripma, I. M. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Penggunaan Hak Potret oleh Penulis Alternative Universe Aplikasi X Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik, 3(2), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.59581/jhsp-widyakarya.v3i2.5191

Trixie, I., & Putra, M. R. S. (2025). Studi Perbandingan: Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Deepfake Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) | Kaganga: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Riset Sosial Humaniora, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.31539/gm8q1a03

Unas, J. R. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Privasi dan Citra Diri dalam Konteks Pembuatan Stiker Wajah Tanpa Izin. Lex Crimen, 13(5). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/64273

Wijaya, D. N., Subekti, Handayati, N., & Marwiyah, S. (2024). Tanggung Gugat Perdata atas Kerugian Konsumen terhadap Pelaku Usaha dalam Transaksi Online secara Cash on Delivery (COD) di E-Commerce Shopee Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum, 5(2), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v5i2.142

Ye, X., Yan, Y., Li, J., & Jiang, B. (2024). Privacy and Personal Data Risk Governance for Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Chinese Perspective. Telecommunications Policy, 48(10), 102851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2024.102851

Downloads

Published

2026-03-09

How to Cite

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perdata atas Penggunaan Citra Publik Figur dalam Foto Buatan AI. (2026). Al-Muamalat Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syariah, 11(1), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.32505/muamalat.v11i1.12860

Similar Articles

1-10 of 26

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.