Article Sidebar

Submitted
Mar 16, 2025
Accepted
May 3, 2025
Published
Jun 1, 2025
Download
Pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 139 Download : 31

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Interfaith marriage refers to a union between two individuals who adhere to different religions and remains a complex issue within the Indonesian legal system. Legally, Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage does not explicitly regulate interfaith unions. However, Article 2(1) of the law states that a marriage is valid if conducted by the religious laws and beliefs of the parties involved. This commonly means that interfaith marriages lack legal recognition in Indonesia. This interpretation is further reinforced by the issuance of Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 2 of 2023. This study adopts a normative juridical method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained from the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law, fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and SEMA No. 2 of 2023. Secondary data were gathered from legal literature, court decisions, and scholarly articles. The findings indicate that, under Article 2(1) of the Marriage Law, interfaith marriages are deemed invalid under Indonesian national law. However, from a human rights perspective—as stipulated in Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Article 28B(1) of the 1945 Constitution—every individual has the right to marry regardless of religious affiliation. This study also outlines several legal alternatives available to interfaith couples seeking to formalize their marriage, including filing a court petition, temporarily adhering to one partner’s religious law, or marrying abroad. The legal implications of interfaith marriage include issues related to its validity, administrative registration, children's legal status, and both spouses' civil rights.

Keywords

Interfaith Marriage Indonesian Marriage Law Legal Recognition Human Rights

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Ais Surasa, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Wal Aqidah Ash-Shofa Manonjaya, Indonesia

Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Najib A. Gisymar, Universitas Widya Mataram

Universitas Widya Mataram

How to Cite
Surasa, A., Sururie, R. W., Gisymar, N. A., Aris, M. S., Farid, D., & Abdulah Pakarti, M. H. (2025). Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Juridical Challenges and Human Rights Perspectives. Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Perundang-Undangan, 12(1), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v12i1.11071

References

  1. Adil, Muhammad, and Syahril Jamil. “Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Polemics and Perspectives of Religious Leaders and Community Organizations.” Religion & Human Rights 18, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10031.
  2. A. Syamsul Arifin, Adama, Akibat Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama Menurutundang- Undang No.1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Al-Syakhsiyyah, Vol. 2; No. 1; (Juni 2020)
  3. Alifa, Hasna Lathifatul, Ali Sodiqin, and Bian Ambarayadi. “INTERRELIGIOUS MARRIAGES IN INDONESIA: From Legal Disharmony to Legal Conflict.” Justicia Islamica 20, no. 2 (2023).
  4. Amin, Ade Ulfa, Syafruddin Syam, and Imam Yazid. “Islamic Law Perspective: The Issue of Interfaith Marriage and Its Impact on Society in Indonesia.” Journal of World Science 2, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): 1268–79. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i8.410.
  5. Aminah, Wiwin Siti, Roby Awaludin, and Irfan Hilmi. “Hukum Pernikahan Beda Agama Menurut Ulama Indonesia.” Istinbath | Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 85. https://doi.org/10.36667/istinbath.v15i1.275.
  6. Djaja, Benny, and Teddy Francis. “REGISTRATION AND RECOGNITION OF INTERFAITH MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA.” International Journal of Application on Social Science and Humanities 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 1292–97. https://doi.org/10.24912/ijassh.v1i1.25826.
  7. Eka Aditya, Mochammad Rizky, Dinda Khoirunnisa, Fawwas Fawwas, Ajid Qiston, and Aisyah Zarah Azizah. “The Problem of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: A Juridical-Normative Approach.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 456. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.20059.
  8. Farid, Diana, Muhammad Husni Abdulah Pakarti, Hendriana Hendriana, and Iffah Fathiah. “Interfaith Marriage: Subjectivity of the Judge in Determination of No. 454/Pdt.p/2018 Surakarta District Court.” Al-Istinbath?: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 355. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.4574.
  9. Fernanda, Ahmad, Zainal Azwar, and Dailani Ismail. “Criticizing the Verdict of 916/Pdt.P/2022/PN.Sby Surabaya District Court Against Interfaith Marriage from the Perspective of Marriage Law in Indonesia.” Al-Qadha?: Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Perundang-Undangan 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v10i2.6150.
  10. Firdaus, Muhammad Ihsan. “The Legalization of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia (Between Universalism and Cultural Relativism).” The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights 1, no. 02 (February 28, 2023): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v1i02.52.
  11. Hedi, Fathol, Abdul Ghofur Anshori, and Harun Harun. “Legal Policy of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia.” Hasanuddin Law Review 3, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 263. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1297.
  12. Hermanto, Agus, Arif Fikri, and Imam Nur Hidayat. “Menyoal Tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama Dan Akibatnya Terhadap Hak Waris Di Indonesia.” Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (2022).
  13. Ias Muhlashin, “Negara Hukum, Demokrasi dan Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia,” Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam 8, no. 1 (2021)
  14. Irwan Adi Cahyadi, Kedudukan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA) Dalam Hukum Positif Di Indonesia, Brawijaya Law Student Journal, no. 2 (2014).
  15. It. Imam Hurmain, Pernikahan lintas agama dalam perspektif jaringan Islam Liberal, “Makalah” yang disampaikan dalam diskusi rutin F.U.S. UIN. Riau, tanggal 5 Desember (2007)
  16. Jatmiko, Bayu Dwi Widdy, Nur Putri Hidayah, and Samira Echaib. “Legal Status of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia and Its Implications for Registration.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2, no. 3 (November 17, 2022): 167–77. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i3.43.
  17. Juandini, Eneng. “Perspektif Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam Di Indonesia Terhadap Perkawinan Beda Agama.” Journal on Education 5, no. 4 (April 23, 2023): 16405–13. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2795.
  18. Maloko, M. Thahir, Sippah Chotban, Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady, and Hasdiwanti. “Analyzing the Prohibition of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Legal, Religious, and Human Rights Perspectives.” Cogent Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2308174.
  19. Mardalena Hanifah, Perkawinan Beda Agama Ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Soumatera Law Review, Volume 2, Nomor 2, (2019)
  20. Nasir, Mohamad Abdun. “Negotiating Muslim Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Integration and Conflict in Islamic Law.” Mazahib 21, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 155–86. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v21i2.5436.
  21. Nofrizal, Nofrizal, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Hayatul Ismi, Ulfia Hasanah, and Putri Annisa. “Implications of Supreme Court Jurisprudence No.1400k/Pdt/1986 on Marriage Different Religions.” Unram Law Review 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2022). https://doi.org/10.29303/ulrev.v6i1.205.
  22. Permana, Deni Yusup. “Legal Study of Interfaith Marriage According to Positive Law and Religious Law Regarding the Practice of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia.” The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights 2, no. 02 (February 29, 2024): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v2i02.173.
  23. Permanasari, Lolita. “LEGAL ANALYSIS OF INTERFAITH MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA.” Journal Of Law Theory And Law Enforcement, January 20, 2023, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.56943/jlte.v2i1.282.
  24. Prasetyo Ade Witoko, Ambar Budhisulistyawati, Penyelundupan Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama Di Indonesia, Jurnal Pasca Sarjana Hukum UNS Vol. VII, Nomor 2, Juli – Desember, (2019)
  25. Pakarti, Muhammad Husni Abdulah. “Putusan Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Surakarta Terhadap Perkawinan Beda Agama Yang Legal Secara Hukum Negara.” Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam 5, no. 2 (2022): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v5i2.445.
  26. Rismawati, S. D. “Choosing One Religion and Getting Married: The Meaning and Legal Culture of Interfaith Marriages Couples in Purbo Pekalongan Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan, 17, no. 1 (2017).
  27. Rizqon, Rizqon. “Analisis Perkawinan Beda Agama Perspektif KHI, HAM Dan CLD-KHI.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v4i1.1499.
  28. Rahmi Murniwati, Akibat Hukum Bagi Anak yang Lahir dari Perkawinan Beda Agama Setelah Berlakunya Sema No. 2 Tahun 2023, UNES, Volume 7, Issue 4, (Januari 2024).
  29. Raihan Andhika Santoso, Elan Jaelani, dan Utang Rosidin, ?Kedudukan dan Kekuatan Hukum Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (Sema) Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia,? Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum, no. 4 (2023).
  30. Rudi Santoso, Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Dan Nahdlatul Ulama Tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama, NURANI, Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember (2019)
  31. Salahuddin, Muhammad Salahuddin, Okti Nur Hidayah, Nurul Husnah, and Felia Wati. “Practice of Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia on Islamic Jurisprudence.” International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), December 13, 2023, 477–90. https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v4i3.205.
  32. Suhasti, Ermi, Siti Djazimah, and Hartini Hartini. “Polemics on Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia between Rules and Practices.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 56, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 367–94. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2018.562.367-394.
  33. Syarif, Nurrohman, Usep Saepullah, Tatang Astarudin, and Muhammad Andi Septiadi. “Eclecticism of Islamic Law and the Validity of Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia.” Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice 18, no. 2 (2022).
  34. Septiayu Restu Wulandari, Fitri Siahaan, Siti Nur L U Khasanah, Kedudukan Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama Dan Kewarganegaran Di Indonesia, Jurnal Hukum Pelita, Vol. 2 No. 2 (November 2021)
  35. Yuana, Adella, and Ilka Sandela. “Konflik Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama Di Indonesia (Studi Penetapan Hakim Nomor: 12/Pdt.P/2022/Pn Ptk).” Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan 6, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 291. https://doi.org/10.35308/jic.v6i2.6123.
  36. Zahara, Rifqiawati, and Makhfud. “Problematika Pernikahan Beda Agama: Antara Konsep Dan Praktek Di Masyarakat.” Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 59–72. https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v3i1.2839.